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Hawaii's Reef Fishes

Goatfishes

Yellowfin Goatfish Mulloidichthys vanicolensis (Valenciennes, 1831)

Goatfishes are readily identified by a pair of long barbels at the front of the chin; they have a moderately elongate body and 2 well-separated dorsal fins, the first of 8 (rarely 7) spines and 9 soft rays; all have one spine and seven soft anal rays.

These fishes use their barbels, which possess chemosensory organs, to probe into the bottom in search of food organisms. When prey are located in sand or mud, the goatfishes root into the sediment with their snouts.

They feed mainly on worms, crustaceans, brittle stars, small mollusks, and heart urchins; a few species feed in part on small fishes. Males rapidly wriggle their barbels during courtship.

Ten native species are known from Hawaiian waters, and one, Upeneus vittatus, was unintentionally introduced from the Marquesas; it inhabits mud bottoms.

Doublebar Goatfish

Parupeneus bifasciatus (Lacepede, 1801) Munu

Yellowish gray to reddish with 2 broad dark bars on body and a third fainter bar often present on caudal peduncle; barbels short; snout short, its dorsal profile slightly concave.

Attains 13 inches (33 cm). Indo-Pacific. Feeds on crabs, shrimps, other crustaceans, octopuses, small fishes, and polychaete worms.

Yellowfin Goatfish

Mulloidichthys vanicolensis (Valenciennes, 1831) Weke'ula

Yellowish gray dorsally, silvery white to pink below, with a yellow lateral stripe; fins yellow. Attains 15 inches (38 cm). Indo-Pacific; tends to occur in deeper water than M. flavolineatus. Forms semi-stationary schools over reefs by day; forages individually at night over sand substrata.

All information and pictures in this section are from John E. Randall's Shore Fishes of Hawai'i by permission of the author.

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